糧食是社(she)稷(ji)之本，種業(ye)(ye)(ye)是糧食之基。種業(ye)(ye)(ye)是農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的“芯片”，從源頭(tou)上影響了國家糧食安全和農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)高質量發(fa)展。黨的十八大以來，以習近(jin)(jin)平同志為(wei)核(he)心的黨中(zhong)央(yang)高度關注種業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展，多次在不同場合為(wei)種業(ye)(ye)(ye)改革發(fa)展指明方向。近(jin)(jin)年(nian)的《政(zheng)府(fu)工作報告(gao)》、“十四五”規劃綱要以及各年(nian)中(zhong)央(yang)“一(yi)號文件”中(zhong)，也都圍繞種業(ye)(ye)(ye)創新、種源安全、種業(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)技等問題做出了具體安排。

我(wo)國是名副其實的(de)種子凈進口國，2019年(nian)我(wo)國種業貿易(yi)逆(ni)差達2.24億(yi)美元(yuan)，創(chuang)新(xin)關鍵技術亟(ji)待(dai)突破(po)，種源自主可控、種業科技自立自強十分迫切。目前我(wo)國種業研(yan)發創(chuang)新(xin)以農業科研(yan)院所和高校為(wei)主，財政經費資助不足(zu)，且以短(duan)期項目為(wei)主，不利于育種工作的(de)持續(xu)開展。加之，受國際糧(liang)價(jia)波(bo)動、新(xin)冠肺炎疫情(qing)沖擊、俄(e)烏沖突的(de)影響(xiang)，讓種子“中國芯”成為(wei)保障我(wo)國糧(liang)食安全的(de)基礎(chu)更(geng)為(wei)緊迫。對此，應從(cong)幾(ji)個(ge)方(fang)面加大(da)推(tui)進力度。

第一(yi)，堅持(chi)系統(tong)觀念，落實兩個(ge)戰略(lve)(lve)。夯實“藏糧(liang)于地(di)”戰略(lve)(lve)。關注耕(geng)地(di)數(shu)量(liang)，嚴守18億畝耕(geng)地(di)紅(hong)線；提(ti)高耕(geng)地(di)質量(liang)，加快低(di)產農(nong)(nong)田改造和10億畝高標準(zhun)農(nong)(nong)田建(jian)設。優化灌溉(gai)(gai)設施和灌溉(gai)(gai)管理，推(tui)動水資(zi)源(yuan)高效循環(huan)可持(chi)續利用。夯實“藏糧(liang)于技(ji)”戰略(lve)(lve)。加大以(yi)育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)為重點的生物(wu)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)、數(shu)字技(ji)術(shu)(shu)和裝備技(ji)術(shu)(shu)在農(nong)(nong)業(ye)的應(ying)用，不斷增加農(nong)(nong)業(ye)科(ke)技(ji)投(tou)入，提(ti)高農(nong)(nong)業(ye)生產率(lv)。繼(ji)續深入推(tui)進(jin)“南繁硅谷”等種(zhong)業(ye)創(chuang)新基(ji)地(di)建(jian)設，通過示范帶(dai)動、良種(zhong)繁育(yu)(yu)等合作形式，打通良種(zhong)進(jin)村入戶的“最后一(yi)公里”，讓(rang)好(hao)種(zhong)子惠及(ji)更多農(nong)(nong)民，實現(xian)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)提(ti)質增效。在此基(ji)礎上，持(chi)續深入開展文(wen)明用餐活動，堅決杜絕糧(liang)食浪(lang)費。

第二，堅持分類施策，開展(zhan)糧食安(an)(an)全精準(zhun)攻關(guan)(guan)。針(zhen)對我國(guo)需求規模大、與(yu)(yu)國(guo)際差(cha)距(ju)顯著(zhu)、對外依存度(du)(du)高(gao)的農作物和畜禽(qin)(qin)種源，積極(ji)開展(zhan)精準(zhun)攻關(guan)(guan)，補短(duan)板消隱患。在(zai)(zai)口(kou)糧安(an)(an)全方(fang)面，在(zai)(zai)絕(jue)對保(bao)障口(kou)糧數量安(an)(an)全情況下，從供(gong)(gong)給(gei)側結構性改(gai)革入手，增(zeng)加(jia)優質大米與(yu)(yu)特種小麥生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)。實施稻(dao)麥生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)者收(shou)入補償政策，完善優質優價生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)環境和市場機制，增(zeng)加(jia)種糧農民收(shou)入。在(zai)(zai)飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)糧安(an)(an)全方(fang)面，一方(fang)面適度(du)(du)增(zeng)加(jia)以大豆(dou)為(wei)代表的飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)糧貿易，加(jia)快實現多樣化(hua)進口(kou)，降低(di)對部分國(guo)家進口(kou)飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)糧的高(gao)度(du)(du)依賴；另一方(fang)面促進飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)糧多元化(hua)，增(zeng)加(jia)油料(liao)和牧草等非大豆(dou)蛋白飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)，保(bao)障我國(guo)畜產(chan)品和飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)供(gong)(gong)給(gei)安(an)(an)全。在(zai)(zai)畜禽(qin)(qin)種源安(an)(an)全方(fang)面，盡早實現畜禽(qin)(qin)種源自主可控(kong)，持續加(jia)強(qiang)關(guan)(guan)鍵核心技(ji)術攻關(guan)(guan)，降低(di)關(guan)(guan)鍵節點“卡(ka)脖(bo)子”風險，降低(di)市場供(gong)(gong)給(gei)波(bo)動。

第(di)三，堅(jian)(jian)持(chi)協同配(pei)合(he)，提高種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)可持(chi)續發(fa)展能力(li)。加(jia)大政府投入，建設并完善種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質資(zi)源庫、育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)創(chuang)(chuang)新平臺、品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)測試中心、制（繁）種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基地建設，夯實(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展基礎。引(yin)(yin)導(dao)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)研發(fa)創(chuang)(chuang)新，通過(guo)財稅(shui)、金(jin)融(rong)、獎補(bu)等(deng)措施引(yin)(yin)導(dao)我國(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)動(dong)對標國(guo)際(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)先進企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，建立(li)健全商業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)體(ti)系，加(jia)大引(yin)(yin)導(dao)技術(shu)、人才、資(zi)本等(deng)要素(su)向優勢企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)集聚，形成我國(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)布局中堅(jian)(jian)力(li)量。支持(chi)社會(hui)資(zi)本投資(zi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，在市(shi)場(chang)(chang)主(zhu)(zhu)導(dao)的前提下，通過(guo)政府性(xing)引(yin)(yin)導(dao)基金(jin)，吸引(yin)(yin)社會(hui)資(zi)本布局種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，借(jie)助投資(zi)、控股、兼(jian)并等(deng)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)手段，扶(fu)持(chi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)龍(long)頭企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)做大做強做優，提升種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)集中度(du)，增強種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)國(guo)際(ji)競爭(zheng)力(li)。強化(hua)(hua)政產(chan)學(xue)(xue)研用協同配(pei)合(he)，努力(li)改變科研院所(suo)、高校和種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)等(deng)創(chuang)(chuang)新主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)各自為政的現狀，加(jia)快(kuai)構建以企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)、市(shi)場(chang)(chang)導(dao)向、產(chan)學(xue)(xue)研用分工協作(zuo)、利益聯(lian)結的“育(yu)、繁、推”一體(ti)化(hua)(hua)、商業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)體(ti)系，提升種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)政產(chan)學(xue)(xue)研用協同效應。

第四，堅(jian)持規范(fan)治(zhi)理，優化種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)競(jing)爭市(shi)場格局。“生物(wu)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”是我國戰(zhan)略性(xing)科技力量，2020年以來(lai)我國種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)相關政策密集出臺，為推進(jin)生物(wu)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化應(ying)用創造了較好的制(zhi)度和市(shi)場環(huan)境。應(ying)繼續提高生物(wu)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)研(yan)發投入，強化育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)研(yan)發創新，加快(kuai)儲(chu)備生物(wu)轉基(ji)因技術(shu)；加強種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)專利保護，聚(ju)焦產量和抗性(xing)等重點指標(biao)，修(xiu)訂完善種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)專利審(shen)定標(biao)準，提高種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)專利審(shen)定門檻。同時加速(su)修(xiu)訂地方標(biao)準，從嚴審(shen)定品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，對已(yi)登(deng)記品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)進(jin)行清(qing)理。在此(ci)基(ji)礎上，切實加強種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)知識(shi)產權(quan)市(shi)場監管范(fan)圍，對種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)假冒偽(wei)劣、套牌侵權(quan)等突出問題嚴肅治(zhi)理。由(you)此(ci)協(xie)同發力，升級農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)“芯片”，筑牢國家糧食安全底(di)線(xian)。